Journal: bioRxiv
Article Title: Respiratory bacteria stabilize and promote airborne transmission of influenza A virus
doi: 10.1101/2020.07.23.218131
Figure Lengend Snippet: Indicated bacterial strain was preincubated with influenza virus PR8 (A-C) or A/California/04/2009(H1N1) (D), or A/Wisconsin/67/2005 (H3N2) € followed by centrifugation and washes to remove non-associated virus and desiccation in a speed vac (grey) or not subject to desiccation (black). Virus alone was in a small volume (less than 10 μL) of either cell culture media or egg fluid and was directly dessicated in the speed vac. (A) Nasopharyngeal tract–colonizing bacteria provide differing degrees of IAV desiccation protection. (B) Pneumococcal viability does not affect desiccation promotion of IAV, as ethanol-killed or ΔspxB , pneumococcal mutant with enhanced desiccation tolerance, had equivalent protection of IAV infectivity as live pneumococci. β-lactam–killed and lysed pneumococci did not promote viability retention. (C) Desiccation survival of IAV with encapsulated and non-capsulated strains of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae . (D) Pneumococcal capsule and H. influenzae promote stability of A/California/04/2009 (H1N1). (E) H. influenzae serogroup B promotes stability of A/Wisconsin/67/2005(H3N2). Bars represent mean and error bars represent standard deviation of at least 6 biological replicates. P values calculated by Mann-Whitney testing compared to virus desiccated in the absence of bacteria; dotted line represents limit of detection.
Article Snippet: The nontypeable H. influenzae 86-028NP , originally isolated from a patient with chronic otitis media, and the encapsulated H. influenzae serotype b strain 10 211(ATCC) were grown on chocolate agar supplemented with 11,000 units/L bacitracin (BD) and then directly inoculated into brain heart infusion broth (BD) supplemented with 0.2% yeast extract (BD), 10 μg/mL hemin, and 10 μg/mL NAD and grown with aeration to mid-log phase.
Techniques: Virus, Centrifugation, Cell Culture, Bacteria, Mutagenesis, Infection, Standard Deviation, MANN-WHITNEY
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